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Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Overview

GIS Overview - What is GIS?


Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a framework for gathering, managing, analyzing, and visualizing spatial or geographic data. It combines layers of information to provide insights into patterns, relationships, and trends in physical space. GIS technology is used in a wide range of applications, from urban planning to environmental conservation, and helps users understand the world by enabling location-based analysis.


Abstract image of a digital map being edited
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Overview

GIS Overview - Key Components:


  1. Hardware: The physical devices used in GIS, such as computers, GPS devices, and mobile data collection tools.


  2. Software: The programs used to create, analyze, and visualize spatial data. Examples include ESRI ArcGIS, QGIS, and Google Earth Engine.


  3. Data: Geographic data is essential for GIS, coming in two primary forms:

    • Vector Data: Data in the form of points, lines, and polygons representing features like buildings, roads, and boundaries.

    • Raster Data: Data in grid format, such as aerial or satellite imagery, representing phenomena like elevation or temperature.


  4. People: GIS professionals interpret, manage, and analyze data, often working in fields like urban planning, environmental science, and public safety.


  5. Methods: Standards, guidelines, and workflows that ensure GIS projects are consistent, accurate, and meet specific goals.


GIS Overview- How GIS Works:


GIS systems integrate various data types and apply spatial analysis methods to answer questions and solve problems. Layers of geographic information are combined and analyzed using techniques like overlay analysis, proximity analysis, and network analysis. This spatial approach helps reveal hidden patterns, assess risks, plan routes, or allocate resources more effectively.


GIS Overview - Applications

GIS is applied across many industries, providing essential insights in areas such as:

  • Mapping: Creating digital maps that represent data geographically, allowing users to see spatial patterns.


  • Urban Planning: Mapping and analyzing land use, infrastructure, and population distribution for sustainable development.


  • Public Safety: Assisting with emergency response by mapping crime hotspots, disaster risk areas, and evacuation routes.


  • Environmental Management: Tracking deforestation, monitoring air quality, and analyzing wildlife habitats to support conservation efforts.


Assorted mapping related items laid on map of the world
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Overview

GIS Overview - Why GIS Matters


GIS is invaluable because it helps visualize data in the context of location, enabling a deeper understanding of complex situations. It supports informed decision-making, optimizes resources, and enhances planning capabilities in areas where geographic location plays a crucial role. This application versatility allows GIS to be relevant and valuable to a vast array of industries.


GIS Services can positively impact nearly any field where visualizing complex data and patterns is helpful. Because of this, GIS will likely continue to be adopted for new uses and will continually increase in prominence. Industries that benefit from GIS Services include telecommunications, urban planning, conservation, agriculture, transportation, utilities, emergency services, real estate, healthcare, epidemiology, retail, tourism, recreation, the military, and even more! At ATCO, we’re building our GIS Program through the same industries in which we built our legacy: telecommunications, municipalities, and utility companies, with room to expand to other applications in the future.


ATCO's GIS team consists of 11 experts with previous GIS experience from various fields, including anthropology, environmental conservation, municipalities, natural energy, civil engineering, and others. We take great pride in our ability to complete high-quality work and collaborate with clients to implement their customized solutions rather than just handing off deliverables. Our team is well-rounded and offers a range of services, including Custom GIS Solutions and Application Development, Data Management, Geospatial Analysis, Engineering and Feasibility, Professional Cartographic Mapping, and more! Check out our updated Services page to see our complete list of Geospatial Solutions, as well as our other top-notch services:



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